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On collecting blood, what solution is added to it?

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On collecting blood, what solution is added to it?

(a) sodium citrate

(b) potassium citrate

(c) sodium phosphate

(d) potassium phosphate

I had been asked this question by my college director while I was bunking the class.

I would like to ask this question from Collection of Blood in Pathology topic in chapter Pathology of Clinical Science

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The correct answer is (a) sodium citrate

The explanation is: Sodium Citrate is an anticoagulant. Adding it ensures that the blood does not coagulate in the blood bags. If the blood is left static, i.e. if it does not keep moving, it starts coagulating. Once even if a small amount of blood has coagulated, even if it has a few cells, the coagulation spreads. The coagulation of blood can begin within a few minutes after extraction of blood and can finish within a few hours. To avoid this situation, anticoagulants are used.

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