The correct answer is:
(c) Precise clock
Explanation: In the observe phase of cognitive radio or similar systems, a precise clock is essential to accurately monitor and track the changes in the radio environment or the system. A precise clock ensures that the observations made are synchronized in time, allowing for accurate data collection and analysis.
Here’s why the other options are less suitable for the observe phase:
Large memory: While memory is important for storing data, the main requirement during the observe phase is the ability to monitor and track the environment accurately in real-time, which is more related to time synchronization.
Large bus: A bus would be important for communication between components, but it's not specifically required for the observation phase.
Accurate timer: While a timer is related to timekeeping, the term "precise clock" refers to synchronization and time measurement, which is more critical than a simple timer.
Thus, a precise clock is a key requirement for the observe phase in systems such as cognitive radio.