The correct answer is:
(b) Shape
Explanation: Biometric characteristics are typically physical or behavioral traits that are measurable, universal, permanent, and unique to an individual. Here's a breakdown of the common biometric characteristics:
- Measurability: The biometric trait can be measured accurately (e.g., fingerprint ridges, iris patterns).
- Universality: The trait should be present in all individuals (e.g., everyone has fingerprints or an iris pattern).
- Permanence: The trait should remain stable over time (e.g., fingerprints and iris patterns typically do not change over time).
Shape is not a specific biometric characteristic. While certain biometrics may involve aspects of shape (such as facial features), the term "shape" is too broad and not specific enough to describe biometric traits. Thus, it is not a core characteristic of biometrics.