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For smaller vessels, which type of sealing is required between the gap of fermenter and the stirrer?

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For smaller vessels, which type of sealing is required between the gap of fermenter and the stirrer?

(a) Mechanical seal

(b) Double-mechanical seal

(c) Magnetic seal

(d) Non-magnetic seal

I have been asked this question during an internship interview.

My enquiry is from Practical Considerations For Bioreactor Construction in section Reactor Engineering of Bioprocess Engineering

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The correct choice is (c) Magnetic seal

The best explanation: On smaller vessels, magnetic drives can be used to couple the stirrer shaft with the motor; with these devices, the shaft does not pierce the fermenter body. A magnet in a housing on the outside of the fermenter is driven by the stirrer motor; inside, another magnet is attached to the end of the stirrer shaft and held in place by bearings. Sufficient power can be transmitted using magnetic drives to agitate vessels up to at least 800 litres in size.

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