The correct answer is:
(a) Favre Averaged Navier-Stokes equations
FANS stands for Favre Averaged Navier-Stokes equations. It is a method used in turbulence modeling, where the governing equations are averaged with respect to a specific filter function (Favre averaging). This approach is particularly useful in compressible flow simulations, where the Favre averaging provides a better representation of the fluctuating quantities, especially when the flow involves high-density variations.