The correct answer is:
(c) Volume of the hydrated cement paste to the sum of volumes of the hydrated cement and of the capillary pores
The gel/space ratio is a key factor in determining the strength and durability of concrete. It relates the volume of the gel (hydrated cement paste) to the total space available in the concrete, which includes both the volume of the hydrated cement and the capillary pores. A higher gel/space ratio generally leads to stronger, more durable concrete.