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What is Self-excitation in DC shunt generator?

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What is Self-excitation in DC shunt generator?

(a) Field winding is connected in series of armature

(b) Field winding is connected in parallel of armature

(c) Field winding is not connected to the armature

(d) Field Winding is not excited

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This is a very interesting question from Characteristics of Self Excited Generator topic in section DC Generator of DC Machines

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Correct choice is (b) Field winding is connected in parallel of armature

The best explanation: Rather than arranging a separate dc source for excitation purposes, practical generators are always excited from their own armature terminals, this method of excitation being known as self-excitation. A self-excited generator with such connection known as a shunt generator.

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