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How is negative of an image obtained with intensity levels [0,L-1] with “r” and “s” being pixel values?

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How is negative of an image obtained with intensity levels [0,L-1] with “r” and “s” being pixel values?

(a) s = L – 1 + r

(b) s = L – 1 – r

(c) s = L + 1 + r

(d) s = L + 1 + r

I had been asked this question by my school teacher while I was bunking the class.

This is a very interesting question from Intensity Transformation Functions topic in division Intensity Transformations and Spatial Filtering of Digital Image Processing

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Right option is (b) s = L – 1 – r

Easiest explanation: The negative is obtained using s = L – 1 + r.

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