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On which of the following operation of an image, the topology of the region changes?

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On which of the following operation of an image, the topology of the region changes?

(a) Stretching

(b) Rotation

(c) Folding

(d) Change in distance measure

The question was posed to me in unit test.

This key question is from Regional Descriptors in portion Representation and Description of Digital Image Processing

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The correct option is (c) Folding

For explanation: If a topological descriptor is defined by the number of holes in an image, then the number of holes will not vary if the image is stretched or rotated. The number of holes in the region will change only if the image is torn or folded.

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