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How can we achieve high thermal efficiency in a power plant?

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How can we achieve high thermal efficiency in a power plant?

(a) Drawing high output with limited input

(b) Decreasing the working temperature

(c) Increasing the working temperature

(d) Maintain large temperature differential

The question was posed to me during an online interview.

The origin of the question is Cooling Water System, Air & Fuel Gas System in portion Steam Power Plant of Energy Engineering

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The correct answer is (d) Maintain large temperature differential

Easy explanation: The amount of heat discharged to environment depends on the plants thermal efficiency. High efficiency is achieved by having a large temperature differential. Irrespective of whether it comes from high internal heat or low temperature external environment, or both. The thermal efficiency of today’s nuclear power plant is around 35% whereas hotter coal burners can reach 40% or more. At last higher thermal efficiency is required to lower the water usage.

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