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Which compound causes the cement efflorescent, if present in excess?

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in Engineering Chemistry I by (506k points)
Which compound causes the cement efflorescent, if present in excess?

(a) Iron oxide

(b) Alkali oxide

(c) Sulphur trioxide

(d) Lime

I had been asked this question by my college director while I was bunking the class.

Question is from Construction Material Cement topic in portion Materials and their Properties of Engineering Chemistry I

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Right choice is (b) Alkali oxide

For explanation I would say: Alkali oxides causes cement efflorescent if present in excess. The alkali metals react with oxygen to form several different compounds: suboxides, oxides, peroxides, superoxides, and ozonides.

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