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Which of the following element has low toxicity than lead which can be used as anti-knocking agent, when released into environment?

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Which of the following element has low toxicity than lead which can be used as anti-knocking agent, when released into environment?

(a) Vanadium

(b) Iron

(c) Titanium

(d) Manganese

This question was addressed to me in final exam.

Origin of the question is Anti Knocking Agents in portion Fuels and Combustion of Engineering Chemistry II

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The correct answer is (d) Manganese

Easiest explanation: In environment manganese is released as Mn3O4 which is a less toxic gas then lead bromide. Manganese is considered as a biologically essential element. Methylcyclopentienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) can be used in place of TEL as an anti-knocking agent.

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