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What is the effect of Nickel on cast irons?

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What is the effect of Nickel on cast irons?

(a) Stabilizes carbides

(b) Increases hardness

(c) Refines grain structure

(d) Improves corrosion resistance

I had been asked this question in a job interview.

This intriguing question originated from Cast Irons in chapter Non Ferrous Materials of Engineering Material & Metallurgy

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Right choice is (c) Refines grain structure

For explanation: Addition of nickel in cast irons refines the grain structure, and has a graphitizing effect on cementite. Molybdenum and Vanadium are used to increase the hardness of cast irons, while Chromium stabilizes carbides. Copper improves the resistance to corrosion.

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