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Which of the following is a true Sulfonating agent?

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Which of the following is a true Sulfonating agent?

(a) SO3

(b) H3SO4+

(c) HSO3+

(d) All of the mentioned

I have been asked this question during an interview for a job.

This is a very interesting question from Kinetics, Mechanism and Thermodynamics in section Sulfonation and Sulfation of Unit Processes

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The correct answer is (d) All of the mentioned

To explain I would say: In an aqueous sulfuric acid as many as four different reactive species have been proposed as the true sulfonating agent: (1) H2SO4+, (2) SO3 or a solvate, (3) H80a+ or a solvate, and (4) S2O6 (dimeric SO3).

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