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The __________ requires that each transaction Ti executes in two or three different phases in its lifetime, depending on whether it is a read-only or an update transaction.

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The __________ requires that each transaction Ti executes in two or three different phases in its lifetime, depending on whether it is a read-only or an update transaction.

(a) Validation protocol

(b) Validation-based protocol

(c) Timestamp protocol

(d) Timestamp-ordering protocol

This question was addressed to me in semester exam.

Question is taken from Multiple Granularity topic in section Concurrency Control of Database Management

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The correct answer is (a) Validation protocol

The best explanation: A concurrency-control scheme imposes the overhead of code execution and possible delay of transactions. It may be better to use an alternative scheme that imposes less overhead.

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