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What is the cause of Overmodulation?

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What is the cause of Overmodulation?

(a) distortion

(b) splatter

(c) both distortion and splatter

(d) half reception of signals

I had been asked this question during an online interview.

Question is from Demodulation of VSB Modulated Wave in portion VSB Modulation of Analog Communications

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The correct choice is (c) both distortion and splatter

To explain I would say: Overmodulation is the process in which the modulation index is greater than 1 such that the modulating signal voltage exceeds the required voltage to produce 100% modulation. It results out of both distortion and splatter of waveform and causes distortion and overlapping.

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