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Which statement is true about indirect FM modulator?

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Which statement is true about indirect FM modulator?

(a) it integrates the modulating signal

(b) it differentiates the modulating signal

(c) varies the frequency of carrier oscillator

(d) varies the phase of carrier oscillator

The question was asked during an online interview.

The doubt is from SSB with Large Carrier topic in division Side Band Techniques of Analog Communications

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Right choice is (d) varies the phase of carrier oscillator

The explanation: Frequency modulated system can be produced either by direct ways or indirect ways. Armstrong method comes under indirect method. Direct FM modulator is generally used to vary the frequency of carrier oscillator, thus being known as frequency discrimination method, while indirect FM modulator varies the phase of carrier oscillator, thus being called phase discrimination method.

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