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Which of the following option is false?

(a) Omni-directional antenna is a special case of directional antenna

(b) Directional antenna radiates power effectively in particular directions compared to other directions

(c) Isotropic antenna radiates power in all directions

(d) End-fire array antenna has its main beam normal to the axis containing antenna

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Query is from Antenna Characteristics in portion Antenna Parameters of Antennas

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Right option is (d) End-fire array antenna has its main beam normal to the axis containing antenna

The best explanation: End-fire array has its main beam parallel to the axis of antenna (θ=0° or 180°). For broadside antenna it is normal to the axis of antenna. Omni-directional antenna radiates power in only one direction and is non-radiating in other directions. So it is a special case of directional antenna.

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