The correct option is (d) By surgically placing a connection between an artery and vein
For explanation I would say: When a graft is made, an artery and a vein are connected by using an external tube (graft). This allows the blood to flow from higher pressure, i.e. artery, through the graft and then into the low pressure area, i.e. vein. The graft is where the needles are used for withdrawal or injection.