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What is the principal barrier for the drugs on the topical application?

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What is the principal barrier for the drugs on the topical application?

(a) The Dermis

(b) The subcutaneous fat tissue

(c) The stratum corneum

(d) The blood vessels below the skin

The question was asked during an online interview.

This interesting question is from Drugs Absorption from Non Oral Extravascular Sites topic in chapter Absorption of Drugs of Drug Biotechnology

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The correct choice is (c) The stratum corneum

The explanation: The principal barrier to the entry of xenobiotics is the most superficial layer of the epidermis called the stratum corneum. It is composed of dead, keratinized, metabolically inactive cells. It acts as a major rate limiting barrier to passive diffusion of the drugs.

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