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What should be the voltage/cm for electroporation to work?

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What should be the voltage/cm for electroporation to work?

(a) 100 – 1000 V/cm

(b) 10 – 100 V/cm

(c) 10 – 50 V/cm

(d) 10000 – 100000 V/cm

This question was posed to me in examination.

My question is based upon Genetic Recombination in portion Genetic Recombination of Drug Biotechnology

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The correct option is (d) 10000 – 100000 V/cm

To explain: Electroporation works by passing thousands of volts across a distance of one to two millimeters of suspended cells in an electroporation cuvette. 10000 – 100000 V/cm in a pulse lasting a few microseconds or milliseconds is essential. More than that the cells will die. This moderate voltage and time ratio should be maintained such that the pores of the cells are only opened.

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