Right option is (d) Environment Monitoring Systems
The explanation: Heat dissipation is an unavoidable by-product of electronic devices and circuits. LED performance and lifetime are strong functions of their temperature. Effective cooling is therefore essential. A case study of a LED based down lighter shows an example of the calculations done in order to calculate the required heat sink necessary for the effective cooling of lighting system. Temporary heat sinks are sometimes used while soldering circuit boards, preventing excessive heat from damaging sensitive nearby electronics.