The correct answer is (a) TOP = \(\frac{W/S}{σCL \frac{T}{W}}\)
To explain: Take-off parameter is used to determine take-off distance for the aircraft. TOP is affected by wing loading and thrust loading both. Hence, proper estimation of such parameters are crucial. TOP for jet and prop driven will be different.
For jet, TOP = \(\frac{W/S}{σCL \frac{T}{W}}\).