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Which chemical is usually used before the Bacterial transformation process?

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Which chemical is usually used before the Bacterial transformation process?

(a) Calcium chloride

(b) Potassium chloride

(c) Ferric chloride

(d) Sodium chloride

The question was posed to me in an online interview.

Origin of the question is Steps in Bioprocess Development : A Typical New Product from Recombinant DNA in division Bioprocess Development of Bioprocess Engineering

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The correct choice is (a) Calcium chloride

For explanation I would say: Before Bacterial transformation, bacteria are treated with a chemical called Calcium chloride, which causes water to enter into the cells and makes them swell. These swollen bacteria are then known as competent bacteria, which is further used in Bacterial transformation process.

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