Question

Granting agency requires a certain level of accuracy in case of errors. Which of the given statements is untrue regarding it?

(a) In other laboratories, such as those performing a single-attempt sequencing of ESTs, the error rate may be much higher, approximately 1 in 100, including incorrectly identified bases and inserted or deleted bases

(b) Incorrect bases always translate to the right amino acid

(c) Base insertions/deletions will cause frame-shifts in the sequence

(d) Making alignment with a protein sequence becomes difficult because of frameshifts

I have been asked this question in an international level competition.

Question is taken from Sequencing cDNA Libraries of Expressed Genes, Submission of Sequences to the Databases topic in division Collecting & Storing Sequences in Laboratory of Bioinformatics