The correct choice is (a) Each flip-flop
The best explanation: A ripple counter is something that is derived by other flip-flops. Its like a series of Flip Flops. Output of one FF becomes the input of the next. Because ripple counter is composed of FF only and no gates are there other than FF, so only propagation delay of FF will be taken into account. Propagation delay refers to the amount of time taken in producing an output when the input is altered.